TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
Length.--Volume.--Weight
***
CHAPTER II.
DIVISIBILITY OF MATTER.
Mass.-Molecule.--Atom.--Element.--Compound.--Mixture.--
Analysis.--Synthesis.--Metathesis.--Chemism
***
CHAPTER III.
MOLECULES AND ATOMS.
Synthesis
***
CHAPTER IV.
ELEMENTS AND BINARIES.
Symbols.--Names.--Coefficients.--Exponents.--Table of elements
***
CHAPTER V.
MANIPULATION.
To prepare and cut glass, etc.
***
CHAPTER VI.
OXYGEN.
Preparation.--Properties.--Combustion of carbon; sulphur;
phosphorus; iron.
***
Chapter VII
NITROGEN
Separation--Properties
***
CHAPTER VIII
HYDROGEN
Preparation--Properties--Combustion--Oxy-hydrogen blowpipe
***
CHAPTER IX
UNION BY WEIGHT
Meaning of equations--Problems
***
CHAPTER X
CARBON
Preparation--Allotropic forms: diamond, graphite, amorphous
carbon, coke, mineral coal.--Carbon a reducing agent, a
decolorizer, disinfectant, absorber of gases
***
CHAPTER XI
VALENCE
Poles of attraction--Radicals
***
CHAPTER XII
ELECTRO-CHEMICAL RELATION OF ELEMENTS
Deposition of silver; copper; lead--Table of metals and non-
metals, and discussion of their differences
***
CHAPTER XIII.
ELECTROLYSIS.
Decomposition of water and of salts--Conclusions
***
CHAPTER XIV.
UNION BY VOLUME.
Avogadro's law and its applications.
***
CHAPTER XV.
ACIDS AND BASES.
Characteristics of acids and bases.--Anhydrides.--Naming of
acids.--Alkalies
***
CHAPTER XVI.
SALTS.
Preparation from acids and bases.--Naming of salts.--Occurrence
***
CHAPTER XVII
CHLORHYDRIC ACID.
Preparation and tests.--Bromhydric, iodhiydric, and fluorhydric
acids.--Etching glass
***
CHAPTER XVIII.
NITRIC ACID.
Preparation, properties, tests, and uses.--Aqua regia:
preparation and action
***
***
CHAPTER XX.
AMMONIUM HYDRATE.
Preparation of bases.--Formation, preparation, tests, and uses of
ammonia.
***
Chapter XXI.
SODIUM HYDRATE.
Preparation and properties.--Potassium hydrate and calcium
hydrate
***
CHAPTER XXII
OXIDES OF NITROGEN.
Nitrogen monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, tetroaide, pentoxide.
***
CHAPTER XXIII.
LAWS OF DEFINITE AND OF MULTIPLE PROPORTION, and their
application
***
CHAPTER XXIV.
CARBON PROTOXIDE and water gas.
***
CHAPTER XXV.
CARBON DIOXIDE.
Preparation and tests.--Oxidation in the human system.--Oxidation
in water.--Deoxidation in plants
***
CHAPTER XXVI.
OZONE.
Description, preparation, and test
***
CHAPTER XXVII
CHEMISTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
Constituents of the air.--Air a mixture.--Water, carbon dioxide,
and other ingredients of the atmosphere
***
CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE CHEMISTRY OF WATER.
Distillation of water.--Three states.--Pure water, sea-water,
river-water, spring-water
***
CHAPTER XXIX.
THE CHEMISTRY OF FLAME.
Candle flame.--Bunsen flame.--Light and heat.--Temperature of
combustion.--Oxidizing and reducing flames.--Combustible and
supporter.--Explosive mixture of gases.--Generalizations
***
CHAPTER XXX.
CHLORINE.
Preparation.--Chlorine water.--Bleaching properties.--
Disinfecting power.--A supporter of combustion.--Sources and uses
***
CHAPTER XXXI.
BROMINE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Description.--Uses
***
CHAPTER XXXII.
IODINE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Iodo-starch paper.--Occurrence.--Uses.--
Fluorine
***
CHAPTER XXXIII.
THE HALOGENS.
Comparison.--Acids, oxides, and salts
***
CHAPTER XXXIV.
VAPOR DENSITY AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT.
Gaseous weights and volumes.--Vapor density defined.--Vapor
density of oxygen
***
CHAPTER XXXV.
ATOMIC WEIGHT.
Definition.--Atomic weight of oxygen.--Molecular symbols.--
Molecular and atomic volumes
***
CHAPTER XXXVI.
DIFFUSION AND CONDENSATION OF GASES.
Diffusion of gases.--Law of diffusion.--Cause.--Liquefaction and
solidification of gases
***
CHAPTER XXXVII
SULPHUR.
Separation.--Crystals from fusion.--Allotropy.--Solution.--
Theory of Allotropy.--Occurrence and purification.--Uses.---
Sulphur dioxide
***
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Combustion.--Uses.--An analyzer of metals.-
-Occurrence and properties
***
CHAPTER XXXIX.
PHOSPHORUS.
Solution and combustion.--Combustion under water.--Occurrence.--
Sources.--Preparation of phosphates and phosphorus.---
Properties.--Uses.--Matches.--Red phosphorus.---Phosphene
***
CHAPTER XL.
ARSENIC.
Separation.--Tests.--Expert analysis.--Properties and
occurrence.-- Atomic volume.--Uses of arsenic trioxide
***
CHAPTER XLI.
SILICON, SILICA, AND SILICATES.
Comparison of silicon and carbon.--Silica.--Silicates.--Formation
of silica.
***
Chapter XLII
GLASS AND POTTERY.
Glass an artificial silicate.--Manufacture.--Importance.--
Porcelain and pottery.
***
CHAPTER XLIII.
METALS AND THEIR ALLOYS.
Comparison of metals and non-metals.--Alloys.--Low fusibility. --
Amalgams
***
CHAPTER XLIV.
SODIUM AND ITS COMPOUNDS.
Order of derivation.--Occurrence and preparation of sodium
chloride; uses.--Sodium sulphate: manufacture and uses. --Sodium
carbonate: occurrence, manufacture, and uses.-- Sodium:
preparation and uses.--Sodium hydrate: preparation and use.--
Hydrogen sodium carbonate.--Sodium nitrate
***
CHAPTER XLV.
POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM.
Occurrence and preparation of potassium.--Potassium chlorate and
cyanide.--Gunpowder.--Ammonium compounds
***
CHAPTER XLVI.
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS.
Calcium carbonate.--Lime and its uses.--Hard water.--Formation of
caves.--Calcium sulphate
***
CHAPTER XLVII.
MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, AND ZINC.
Occurrence and preparation of magnesium.--Compounds of aluminium:
reduction; properties, and uses.--Compounds, uses, and reduction
of zinc
***
CHAPTER XLVIII.
IRON AND ITS COMPOUNDS.
Ores of iron.--Pig-iron.--Steel.--Wrought-iron.--Properties. --
Salts of iron.--Change of valence and of color
***
CHAPTER XLIX.
LEAD AND TIN.
Distribution of lead.--Poisonous properties.--Some lead
compounds.-- Tin
***
CHAPTER L.
COPPER, MERCURY, AND SILVER.
Occurrence and uses of copper.--Compounds and uses of mercury.--
Occurrence, reduction, and salts of silver
***
CHAPTER LI.
PHOTOGRAPHY.
Description.
***
CHAPTER LII.
PLATINUM AND GOLD.
Methods of obtaining, and uses
***
CHAPTER LIII.
CHEMISTRY OF ROCKS.
Classification.--Composition.--Importance of siliceous rocks.--
Soils.--Minerals.--The earth's interior.--Percentage of elements
***
CHAPTER LIV.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
Comparison of organic and inorganic compounds.--Molecular
differences.--Synthesis of organic compounds.--Marsh-gas.
series.---Alcohols.--Ethers.--Other substitution products. --
Olefines and other series.
***
CHAPTER LV.
ILLUMINATING GAS.
Source, preparation, purification, and composition.--Natural gas
***
CHAPTER LVI.
ALCOHOL.
Fermented and distilled liquors.--Effect on the system.--Affinity
for water.--Purity
***
CHAPTER LVII
OILS, FATS, AND SOAPS.
Sources and kinds of oils and fats.--Saponification.--Manufacture
and action of soap.--Glycerin, nitro-glycerin, and dynamite. --
Butter and oleomargarine.
***
CHAPTER LVIII
CARBO-HYDRATES.
Sugars.--Glucose.--Starch.--Cellulose.--Gun-cotton.--Dextrin. --
Zylonite
***
CHAPTER LIX.
CHEMISTRY OF FERMENTATION.
Ferments.--Alcoholic, acetic, and lactic fermentation.--
Putrefaction.--Infectious diseases
***
CHAPTER LX.
CHEMISTRY OF LIFE.
Growth of minerals and of organic life.--Food of plants and of
man.--Conservation of energy and of matter
***
CHAPTER LXI.
THEORIES.
The La Place theory--Theory of evolution--New theory of chemistry
***
CHAPTER LXII
GAS VOLUMES AND WEIGHTS.
Quantitative experiments with oxygen and hydrogen--Problems
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
Length.--Volume.--Weight
***
CHAPTER II.
DIVISIBILITY OF MATTER.
Mass.-Molecule.--Atom.--Element.--Compound.--Mixture.--
Analysis.--Synthesis.--Metathesis.--Chemism
***
CHAPTER III.
MOLECULES AND ATOMS.
Synthesis
***
CHAPTER IV.
ELEMENTS AND BINARIES.
Symbols.--Names.--Coefficients.--Exponents.--Table of elements
***
CHAPTER V.
MANIPULATION.
To prepare and cut glass, etc.
***
CHAPTER VI.
OXYGEN.
Preparation.--Properties.--Combustion of carbon; sulphur;
phosphorus; iron.
***
Chapter VII
NITROGEN
Separation--Properties
***
CHAPTER VIII
HYDROGEN
Preparation--Properties--Combustion--Oxy-hydrogen blowpipe
***
CHAPTER IX
UNION BY WEIGHT
Meaning of equations--Problems
***
CHAPTER X
CARBON
Preparation--Allotropic forms: diamond, graphite, amorphous
carbon, coke, mineral coal.--Carbon a reducing agent, a
decolorizer, disinfectant, absorber of gases
***
CHAPTER XI
VALENCE
Poles of attraction--Radicals
***
CHAPTER XII
ELECTRO-CHEMICAL RELATION OF ELEMENTS
Deposition of silver; copper; lead--Table of metals and non-
metals, and discussion of their differences
***
CHAPTER XIII.
ELECTROLYSIS.
Decomposition of water and of salts--Conclusions
***
CHAPTER XIV.
UNION BY VOLUME.
Avogadro's law and its applications.
***
CHAPTER XV.
ACIDS AND BASES.
Characteristics of acids and bases.--Anhydrides.--Naming of
acids.--Alkalies
***
CHAPTER XVI.
SALTS.
Preparation from acids and bases.--Naming of salts.--Occurrence
***
CHAPTER XVII
CHLORHYDRIC ACID.
Preparation and tests.--Bromhydric, iodhiydric, and fluorhydric
acids.--Etching glass
***
CHAPTER XVIII.
NITRIC ACID.
Preparation, properties, tests, and uses.--Aqua regia:
preparation and action
***
***
CHAPTER XX.
AMMONIUM HYDRATE.
Preparation of bases.--Formation, preparation, tests, and uses of
ammonia.
***
Chapter XXI.
SODIUM HYDRATE.
Preparation and properties.--Potassium hydrate and calcium
hydrate
***
CHAPTER XXII
OXIDES OF NITROGEN.
Nitrogen monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, tetroaide, pentoxide.
***
CHAPTER XXIII.
LAWS OF DEFINITE AND OF MULTIPLE PROPORTION, and their
application
***
CHAPTER XXIV.
CARBON PROTOXIDE and water gas.
***
CHAPTER XXV.
CARBON DIOXIDE.
Preparation and tests.--Oxidation in the human system.--Oxidation
in water.--Deoxidation in plants
***
CHAPTER XXVI.
OZONE.
Description, preparation, and test
***
CHAPTER XXVII
CHEMISTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
Constituents of the air.--Air a mixture.--Water, carbon dioxide,
and other ingredients of the atmosphere
***
CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE CHEMISTRY OF WATER.
Distillation of water.--Three states.--Pure water, sea-water,
river-water, spring-water
***
CHAPTER XXIX.
THE CHEMISTRY OF FLAME.
Candle flame.--Bunsen flame.--Light and heat.--Temperature of
combustion.--Oxidizing and reducing flames.--Combustible and
supporter.--Explosive mixture of gases.--Generalizations
***
CHAPTER XXX.
CHLORINE.
Preparation.--Chlorine water.--Bleaching properties.--
Disinfecting power.--A supporter of combustion.--Sources and uses
***
CHAPTER XXXI.
BROMINE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Description.--Uses
***
CHAPTER XXXII.
IODINE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Iodo-starch paper.--Occurrence.--Uses.--
Fluorine
***
CHAPTER XXXIII.
THE HALOGENS.
Comparison.--Acids, oxides, and salts
***
CHAPTER XXXIV.
VAPOR DENSITY AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT.
Gaseous weights and volumes.--Vapor density defined.--Vapor
density of oxygen
***
CHAPTER XXXV.
ATOMIC WEIGHT.
Definition.--Atomic weight of oxygen.--Molecular symbols.--
Molecular and atomic volumes
***
CHAPTER XXXVI.
DIFFUSION AND CONDENSATION OF GASES.
Diffusion of gases.--Law of diffusion.--Cause.--Liquefaction and
solidification of gases
***
CHAPTER XXXVII
SULPHUR.
Separation.--Crystals from fusion.--Allotropy.--Solution.--
Theory of Allotropy.--Occurrence and purification.--Uses.---
Sulphur dioxide
***
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Combustion.--Uses.--An analyzer of metals.-
-Occurrence and properties
***
CHAPTER XXXIX.
PHOSPHORUS.
Solution and combustion.--Combustion under water.--Occurrence.--
Sources.--Preparation of phosphates and phosphorus.---
Properties.--Uses.--Matches.--Red phosphorus.---Phosphene
***
CHAPTER XL.
ARSENIC.
Separation.--Tests.--Expert analysis.--Properties and
occurrence.-- Atomic volume.--Uses of arsenic trioxide
***
CHAPTER XLI.
SILICON, SILICA, AND SILICATES.
Comparison of silicon and carbon.--Silica.--Silicates.--Formation
of silica.
***
Chapter XLII
GLASS AND POTTERY.
Glass an artificial silicate.--Manufacture.--Importance.--
Porcelain and pottery.
***
CHAPTER XLIII.
METALS AND THEIR ALLOYS.
Comparison of metals and non-metals.--Alloys.--Low fusibility. --
Amalgams
***
CHAPTER XLIV.
SODIUM AND ITS COMPOUNDS.
Order of derivation.--Occurrence and preparation of sodium
chloride; uses.--Sodium sulphate: manufacture and uses. --Sodium
carbonate: occurrence, manufacture, and uses.-- Sodium:
preparation and uses.--Sodium hydrate: preparation and use.--
Hydrogen sodium carbonate.--Sodium nitrate
***
CHAPTER XLV.
POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM.
Occurrence and preparation of potassium.--Potassium chlorate and
cyanide.--Gunpowder.--Ammonium compounds
***
CHAPTER XLVI.
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS.
Calcium carbonate.--Lime and its uses.--Hard water.--Formation of
caves.--Calcium sulphate
***
CHAPTER XLVII.
MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, AND ZINC.
Occurrence and preparation of magnesium.--Compounds of aluminium:
reduction; properties, and uses.--Compounds, uses, and reduction
of zinc
***
CHAPTER XLVIII.
IRON AND ITS COMPOUNDS.
Ores of iron.--Pig-iron.--Steel.--Wrought-iron.--Properties. --
Salts of iron.--Change of valence and of color
***
CHAPTER XLIX.
LEAD AND TIN.
Distribution of lead.--Poisonous properties.--Some lead
compounds.-- Tin
***
CHAPTER L.
COPPER, MERCURY, AND SILVER.
Occurrence and uses of copper.--Compounds and uses of mercury.--
Occurrence, reduction, and salts of silver
***
CHAPTER LI.
PHOTOGRAPHY.
Description.
***
CHAPTER LII.
PLATINUM AND GOLD.
Methods of obtaining, and uses
***
CHAPTER LIII.
CHEMISTRY OF ROCKS.
Classification.--Composition.--Importance of siliceous rocks.--
Soils.--Minerals.--The earth's interior.--Percentage of elements
***
CHAPTER LIV.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
Comparison of organic and inorganic compounds.--Molecular
differences.--Synthesis of organic compounds.--Marsh-gas.
series.---Alcohols.--Ethers.--Other substitution products. --
Olefines and other series.
***
CHAPTER LV.
ILLUMINATING GAS.
Source, preparation, purification, and composition.--Natural gas
***
CHAPTER LVI.
ALCOHOL.
Fermented and distilled liquors.--Effect on the system.--Affinity
for water.--Purity
***
CHAPTER LVII
OILS, FATS, AND SOAPS.
Sources and kinds of oils and fats.--Saponification.--Manufacture
and action of soap.--Glycerin, nitro-glycerin, and dynamite. --
Butter and oleomargarine.
***
CHAPTER LVIII
CARBO-HYDRATES.
Sugars.--Glucose.--Starch.--Cellulose.--Gun-cotton.--Dextrin. --
Zylonite
***
CHAPTER LIX.
CHEMISTRY OF FERMENTATION.
Ferments.--Alcoholic, acetic, and lactic fermentation.--
Putrefaction.--Infectious diseases
***
CHAPTER LX.
CHEMISTRY OF LIFE.
Growth of minerals and of organic life.--Food of plants and of
man.--Conservation of energy and of matter
***
CHAPTER LXI.
THEORIES.
The La Place theory--Theory of evolution--New theory of chemistry
***
CHAPTER LXII
GAS VOLUMES AND WEIGHTS.
Quantitative experiments with oxygen and hydrogen--Problems
posted by Shaq Attaq at 9/10/2006 08:42:00 AM
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